Virtual proprioception represents a novel means of developing cortical reorganization of alternative strategies for hemiparetic gait. Fundamentals of the device are motor control plasticity, aftereffect, and visual-based biofeedback. Wireless three-dimensional (3D) microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) accelerometers can be placed on various limbs and other areas of the body. The acceleration data from the wireless accelerometers are fed back to the user in real time by visual output from smartphones or portable laptops. Given the virtual proprioception feedback, the user can then adjust the original movement while performing an improved alternative strategy. The inherent roles of proprioception with locomotion and issues with traumatic brain injury are considered. The technology advance of accelerometers and motion analysis is detailed. Virtual proprioception has been tested and evaluated, while demonstrating the capacity to improve performance during real time.
